Political Philosophy and Machiavelli Essay

â€Å"And if all men were good, this teaching would not be good; but because they are wicked and do not observe faith with you, you also do not have to observe it with them† (69). Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince is arguably the most famous and controversial political science book of all time. Many think of Machiavelli as synonymous with evil. The father of the idea that the ends will always justify the means, the term Machiavellian has become connected with selfish, brutal, or immoral actions. Machiavelli has long been associated with totalitarianism, conquest, and tyranny. But is this label deserved? Is The Prince a book that expresses evil? Many argue that Machiavelli is not a teacher of evil, but bases his teachings on a pragmatic realism that has long been a part of politics. He would certainly not be the first to have such a view, and he is certainly not the last. In promoting his realistic view of power and politics, Machiavelli does not teach evil, instead, he uses necessity and practicality as the criteria in which his thought is based on. In this way we see that he does not put the matter of good or evil as a priority in his actions, but uses practical methods to make his choice in each instance as to what is necessary and beneficial. Through the exploration of the basis for Machiavelli’s treatment of ethics and his agenda for writing The Prince we see that his teachings are not evil, but based on political pragmatism and necessity. He himself makes it clear as he advises the Prince on how to be able to do what is necessary whether it is good or evil. â€Å"And so he needs to have a spirit to change as the winds of fortune and variations of things commanded him, and as I said above, not depart from good, when possible, but know how to enter into evil, when forced by necessity † (70). Machiavelli treats morality and prudence not as guides for a Prince, but as tools to use for political gain. In this way we see that Machiavelli is not preaching evil, which would be to encourage the opposite of virtue and morality, but to use them in different ways depending on the situation. Virtue is a key concept when discussing moral living and actions, and vice is the opposite of virtue. The concepts of virtue and vice are age-old ideas ingrained within human society. But the traditional view of virtue and vice, laid out by such thinkers as Aristotle and Plato, is changed to fit the pursuit of power in Machiavellian’s The Prince. Classic virtue comes from a criterion based on just and beneficial interaction, while pursuing an end, within a civil society. This interaction can involve the impact of an individual on another individual, a citizen and a state, or even an impact an individual has upon himself. Thus a man who sacrifices his life to save his friend, city, or beliefs is thought of as virtuous. On the other hand the reciprocal of this action would be vice, a man who sacrifices his friend, city or beliefs to preserve his life may be viewed as possessing a vice. Virtue finds its anchor in morality and ethics, and upholds that, it is focused on preserving qualities like justice and harmony. The change in the Machiavellian code of morality comes as a result as result of an entire shift in what the foundation of this morality is built on, namely the ends being pursued. The Machiavellian concept of virtue not only divorces virtue completely from its ethical foundation, but places it on a foundation of ability to execute what is necessary in order to achieve what is desired. In this case what is desired is power, which is to be strictly maintained and used to achieve glorious ends, whatever they may be. From this foundation of the pursuit and maintenance of power comes the Machiavellian outlook on everything else, and is the reason in which he is able to separate ethics from politics. Morality in its classical sense would only serve to get in the way of power and prudence; it creates unnecessary dilemmas between what is politically necessary and morally correct, interfering with being a wise ruler. Therefore the Prince must take the necessary actions regardless of their moral ramifications. â€Å"? [If] one considers everything well, one will find something that appears to be virtue, which if pursued would be one’s ruin, and something else appears to be vice, which if pursued results in one’s security and well-being† (62). Machiavelli removes the foundation of prudence and virtue from morality, and reinterprets them in regards to necessity and power. Correct policy within The Prince is based on the Machiavellian conception of virtue and prudence. Stemming from this, Machiavelli at times refers to virtue and prudence in their classical definitions, pertaining to high morality, and just actions. But at other times in The Prince, he refers to them as directly pertaining to the proper execution of power. For example he often compares a ruler’s success, not morality, with virtue. No matter how brutal the ruler, if he is able to hold power well then he is virtuous. Prudence is thought of as being careful, observant and logical in the classical sense. But Machiavelli uses it to describe a ruler who is very sharp, decisive, and makes the correct choices. â€Å"A prudent lord, therefore, cannot observe faith, nor should he, when such observance turns against him, and causes that made him promise have been eliminated† (69). It therefore would be prudent for a ruler to massacre a rebellion, if it meant the ultimate preservation of power. In this case necessity calls for action, even if those actions go against classical morality. A ruler, who has correct judgment and knows what is the best course of action, would take the proper measures to stop the rebellion and pay no attention to the morality of his actions. The ends in this case change the conception of the codes in which the means are to be judged by; no longer is the end such universally beneficial ideas of peace and justice, but power and conquest. Virtue and prudence to Machiavelli hold meaning only in the sense of ability and accomplishment. To Machiavelli cunning would be a virtue, as would decisiveness while wielding power. A vice for a ruler would be stupidity, or ignorance of ones own subjects. Something that is virtuous in the classical sense would only be followed if it were deemed compatible with the situation, and did not in anyway undermine the ends being pursued. The Machiavellian view is based on and around a realism seen in politics and history, and is amoral. The entire intent of the book was to write a pragmatic and realistic approach to dealing with power, not a lesson in high virtue and morality. He states, â€Å"But since my intent is to write something useful to whoever understands it, it has appeared to me more fitting to go directly to the effectual truth of the thing than to the imagination of it† (61). He finds that necessity is what guides most actions. â€Å"? [Because] men will always turn out bad for you unless they have been made good by a necessity†(95). A military training manual written on the best way to execute killing would not go into a debate on whether or not killing is right or wrong. The manual would be almost amoral and not go into the debate, those who have already settled that debate in their minds would read it, and the same follows for The Prince. One should not associate the teachings of The Prince as something that Machiavelli himself feels is moral, just and proper, but rather what history has shown to be the ideal and efficient way to handle power. Survivor in the political world creates certain necessities, and forces individuals to undertake certain actions in order to ensure success. â€Å"? [for] it is so far from how one lives to how one should live that he who lets go of what is done for what should be done learns his ruin rather than his preservation† (61). The purpose of The Prince is not a guide to being a moral Prince, but how to abide by necessity and pragmatism. Just as a purpose of the war manual would not be the ethics of killing. The manual would not debate war as a just or unjust means to an end, but instead would accept it as reality, and try to approach it with the same harsh reality. In fact the entire purpose of The Prince was to serve as a guide to restore Italy to greatness, a path that can only be achieved by power. He uses examples from throughout history of rulers who acted successfully when faced with a situation, drawing from these examples he shows the correct actions that a Prince should follow. There is no room for being a virtuous and honest ruler, as it will be at odds with the reality of political life. Because he uses realistic examples from history, we see his true pragmatic nature; his ultimate goal is the achievement of his ends, not the correct actions. Machiavelli uses the actions of past rulers whether or not they are just, as long as they prove successful for the ends being pursued. Machiavelli himself states that he has taken a realist approach, and outlines the reason as to why he has taken this approach, as being necessary and efficient. If one were to examine the way in which Machiavelli looks towards allowing freedom towards his subjects, or the treatment of honesty toward his subjects, one would conclude that Machiavelli himself was not in favor of these things. It would be a mistake to reach this conclusion, it is not so much that he is against freedom or truth, but he realizes that these things will damage and undermine ones power – the goal and focus of The Prince. â€Å"For a man who wants to make a profession of good in all regards must come to ruin among so many who are not good† (61). Machiavelli is not favoring things that we would view as brutality, deception and in many cases evil; instead he is using them as tools in an act to obtain what he desires. Machiavelli spends much time on the behavior that a Prince should follow in order to be successful. Although Machiavelli goes through many different traits and practices a ruler should follow, the two that he deems very necessary are to be loved and to be feared. Machiavelli stresses that a ruler should seek to be loved, but above all make sure that he is not hated, because if he is hated it will ultimately be his undoing. This follows the Machiavellian line of pragmatism and necessity; it is not motivated by a lust for evil or deceit, but is something that many people who are appalled by his amorality would agree with. If Machiavelli were a teacher of evil he would never make such a statement. A leader who is feared will ultimately deter any action against him by his ability to control the actions of the people with his fear. . Morality will only serve to hamper a prince’s abilities. â€Å"This has to be understood: that a prince, especially a new prince, cannot observe all those things for which a men are held good, since he is often under a necessity, to maintain his state, of acting against faith, against charity, against humanity, against religion. And so he needs to have a spirit disposed to change as the winds of fortune an variations of things command him? † (70). The most efficient way to deal with a problem is usually not the moral way, and Machiavelli time and time again points to this as the reason in which he chooses the path he does. His book is not for idealists, and as he states idealists rarely accomplish what they want. His book is for the guidance of a Prince towards power, and the ability to maintain that power. All of these things follow the strict Machiavellian criteria of necessity for power. Whether these things are good or evil in our eyes is not the topic of discussion for Machiavelli, therefore it does not concern him, what he seeks is the necessary actions to gain and maintain power. â€Å"Hence it is necessary to a prince, if he wants to maintain himself, to learn to be able not to be good, and to use this and not use it according to necessity† (61). This doctrine of pragmatism within The Prince was not invented by Machiavelli, one can look at it as merely an expression of the practical political ideas of his time, and perhaps forever. We see that Machiavelli puts forth an ethics of political convenience. It does not hold to or allow itself to be hampered by morality, virtue, or Christian values, but allows them only when opportune and beneficial. The Prince’s doctrine supports actions including murder, deceit, and betrayal given that the Prince will benefit from it. The ethics found within Machiavelli is entirely based upon a realistic outlook upon the political world and caters to political convenience. To Machiavelli this moral code of convenience and pragmatism is a political necessity. He states that when it is politically necessary to act in accordance with a vice then one must do so in the interest of power. â€Å"And furthermore one should not care about incurring the fame of those vices without which it is difficult to save one’s state? â€Å"(62). He holds that the world will swallow up idealists, and that it is unrealistic to expect someone to exercise morality when dealing with a political situation, or their enemies. Through the exploration of the basis for Machiavelli’s treatment of ethics and his agenda for writing The Prince we see that his teachings are not evil, but based on political pragmatism and necessity. Machiavelli treats morality and prudence not as guides for a Prince, but as tools to use for political gain. By removing the foundation of prudence and virtue from morality, he reinterprets them in regards to necessity and power. The amoral Machiavellian view centers on a realism seen in politics and history. The entire purpose of The Prince is not a guide to being a morally, but a guide to necessity and pragmatism. This doctrine of pragmatism within The Prince was not invented by Machiavelli, but used masterfully by him to craft a powerful instructional book on power. The concept of morality is not attacked or thrown away, but put aside and only referred to or used when necessary. In the real world few will be honest, or moral, so it becomes necessary for one to also set these things aside as it will conflict with ones ends. This is the reality of politics and Machiavelli recognizes this and refers to it many times in the book as the reason to why he chooses the path he does and not out of evil or some wish for deceitful actions. Political reality deems his method necessary, thus it is a realistic and pragmatic way to approach the subject.

Value chain and globalization Essay

Introduction The process of corporate life is always a sea change and sometimes there are high tides and sometimes are quiet times. Day to day companies are faced with new challenges, whether it be a consolidated organization or a small business just starting, always emerging issues that affect their behavior and their performance. Owing to the consequences of an impressive development of technology and globalization that we are living in this age. Nowadays are faster changes, new challenges threaten seriously survival of organizations, new foreign competitors, mobilization of capitals, difficulties in retaining human capital and changing technologies are elements that require managers to be prepared for change and have ability to motivate employees in order to have continuous renewal. â€Å"Micro and small enterprise dominated industries have been both threatened and provided with advantages as a result of dynamic trends related to globalization† (Kula et al., 2006). Value chain is not on ly to implement new management models that ultimately prove to be only uncertain. However, management of change consists of take advantage of changes in business environment for the interest of the organization. That is why companies should not only be flexible, but also managers should develop a keen sense to anticipate change; therefore companies will be able to achieve to be at the forefront. According to Porter (1998) â€Å"Activities provide the bridge between strategy and implementation. When strategy was defined in terms of broad positioning concepts, a clear separation between strategy and structure was meaningful and useful.† Innovation is everywhere and organizations that are not renewed will hardly be able to survive. Firstly, it should be noted that the purpose of this essay is that I want to explain what is the value chain, its impact to the companies and the impact of globalization to the value chain. Afterwards, I will explain the following seven major issues have had significant impact of globalization on the value chain. History of the value chain and consisting First of all, the value chain is a theoretical model to describe the development of the activities of a business generating value to the final customer. The value chain was described by Michael Porter. He defines the  value as the sum of the perceived benefits customer receives of low costs to acquire and use product or service â€Å"Value is the amount buyers are willing to pay for what a firm provides them. Value is measured by total revenue, a reflection of the price a firm ´s product commands exceed the cost involved in creating the product.† (Porter 1998). At the same time value chain is essentially a form of analysis of business through which a company is split up into their constituent parts, and we can seeking to identify sources of advantage. Simultaneously, it is creating the competitive advantage that is achieved when company develops and integrates activities of its value chain less expensive and better differentiated than their competitors. Therefore value chain of a company is formed by all its added value generating activities and the margins they contribute â€Å"Competitive advantage in regard to products and services takes two possible forms. The first is an offering or differentiation advantage. I f customers perceive a product or service as superior, they become more willing to pay a premium price relative to the price they will pay for competing offerings. The second is a relative low-cost advantage, which customers gain when company ´s total costs undercut those of its average competitor† (San Miguel, 1996). Sometimes change times in business can generate fear, but beyond fear, managers must generate within their companies the ability to bring about change. When it comes to making changes to the companies and this usually means the introduction of new procedures, staff or ways of working that directly affect those around the organization: employees, shareholders, suppliers, customers. Therefore managers have two options to deal with the changes. The first option is intimidated by the changes and remaining still or the second option is to understand what is going on, develop strategies and implementation to deal with change. â€Å"Competitive Advantage provides the architecture for describing and assessing strategy, linking it to company behavior, and understanding the sources of competitive advantage. It provides the foundation needed to go deeper.† (Porter 1998) According to Kula (2006), Globalization is a process by which people, companies, goods and services, capital and information and ideas are exchanged across international boundaries, is shaping opportunities for growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. In the current context  of globalization, the trend toward merging business grows increasingly harder. Therefore, it is very important to cooperation of all employees of organization in a chain and they sharing common vision for business quickly translate into success factors. Where employees are involved to this vision therefore they will be more productive and more collaborative mechanisms bind them to other actors in the chain, the greater the chance of survival and progress towards economic development processes. Moreover, companies tend to compete with other companies in the same country and in the same way, companies of the same country tend to compete with companies in other countries a cause of globalization. Therefore, competition among global companies are strongly and should possess highest level of professional competence and for this reason heads of companies should know as renew companies every day to produce high return. A good example about this information is the competence between Procter and Gamble and Unilever; both are global companies and both offer similar products. In the case of my country; In Mexico are both companies each one have both have large factories and corporate offices; the number of employees is large and both have many processes to manufacture both products, as well as quality and administrative. CEO ´s of each company must be updated on how to improve processes in each part of the business, the should evaluate the process and trying to reduce as many error s and waste in order to offer the best products and the best price cheaper for the end customer. So also promote more featuring your product compared with the rest of their competition, as to promote values, social responsibility, brand linkage and sometimes prizes and raffles. Another key point, managers of big companies know that linking brand starts when people are young children and this is why, one of their main sector of society are children. Because marketers know that if a child comes to impregnate a brand in in their childhood, they will take for all their life and therefore they will transmit to their offspring in the future. I see this reflected in my case, since I always prefer to drink Coke when I am eating and I never liked Pepsi since my childhood, this is because since my childhood always drank Coca-Cola by the influence of my mother. To date I still drink coke, this is an example of how a global company that has implemented the value chain in their structural processes relevant their product has made in my life. â€Å"For a firm to achieve superior  differentiation, it must utilize the best mix of resources in creating value for its customers. In order to prioritize its processes as sources of differentiation, a company must determine what attributes of each process enhance customer value† (San Miguel 1996). Conclusion In addition, to doing this research, I could find relevant information about the significant role that is playing the value chain into companies. The purpose of the essay is to provide assessment the role that could be obtained in business when is used the value chain process in the different departments of a company. The administration of change is of great importance, since it allows control of the transformation process. but in most organizations even greater challenge is managing change so that through leadership can attack low productivity, motivate the actions needed to alter behavior in a meaningful way and make the change take root in infusing culture and values ​​of the business. It is of primary importance that business leaders must be updated and catch up on new models and theories about management, change and value chain. To be able to compete with the variety of existing competitors in business territory. In Conclusion, there is no possibility that organizations can achieve competitive goals, if the people who are not found suitable from the point of view of training and attitudes, to carry on. In essence, organizations today emphasize the ability of leaders to manage their staff. Therefore, people will go to those who can prove they have the will and capacity to meet their needs, enhancing their strengths and improving their skills. Thus man becomes the protagonist of the success of any business strategy. References: San Miguel, J, 1996, Value chain analysis for assessing competitive Advantage. Institute of Management Accountants. Canada. Staying competitive in the global economy (2008) Secretary-General of the OECD

The Peloponnesian War, 431404 B.C.E Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Peloponnesian War, 431404 B.C.E - Essay Example Athens feared for war with Corinth and Sparta and hence it tightened its Potidaea colony by ordering then to bring down their city walls. Against Athens wish, Potidaea rebelled and refused to obey the Athens. Corinthians on the other hand feared the long term growth and strength of the Athens power and were anxious to contain it. They resulted to sending help to Potidaea eventually violating a 30 year old truce of never to help groups considered enemies to the Athens.2 Sparta’s decision to go into war came after they noted a rise in Athenian power and feared that if left to be too strong they might destroy Sparta. Corinth played a role by creating a false allegation on Athens that they were breaking the 30 years truce they had signed. Consequently, Sparta found every reason of war with Athens but missed their main worry of rise in Athenian power. The Peloponnesian war was divided into phases by historians. First, was the Archidamian war; a phase that included the Sparta invading the Attica. Athens on the other side, due to their naval supremacy raided the coast of Peloponnese which resulted to unrest in its empire. The first phase was marked with signing of the treaty known as Peace of Nicias though the treaty never stayed in place for long.3 Athens undermined it and renewed the fighting in Peloponnese and went ahead to use extreme force against Syracuse though it failed immediately. Decelean was the final phase of war and at this level Sparta got support from Persia and hence supported Athens’ rebellions leading to the undermining of the Athens Empire resulting to extinction of Athens supremacy. The end result saw Athens bow down in the year to follow.4 Peloponnesian war had its effects to the fighters and Greece in general. The war resulted to the reshaping of the ancient Greek. In terms of international relationship, Athens which was up to then the strongest city

Mother Tongue by Amy Tan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mother Tongue by Amy Tan - Essay Example Given the portrayal of language skills by Tan, one cannot help but agree with the authoress. The bonds associated with language and the resulting personalized recognition is all too common in everyone’s life. One major issue faced by immigrant families is that it may not be possible for all members of the family to speak flawless English as indicated in the essay by Tan. In order to shed light on this concept, she quotes a story narrated by her mother. The story itself was trivial but the noteworthy point was her mother’s grammatical errors. The content was quite hard to decipher due to those grammatical mistakes; however, the authoress asserts that her mother apparently had an excellent grip over English. As a child, her mother’s â€Å"broken† English mortified Tan. She considered that imperfection of speech actually depicted imperfection of thoughts. On the other hand, her mother encouraged her to think distinctively. Years later, she appreciates the ess ence of unique thinking and academically studies English. It was at this point in time that she recognized the meaningfulness and worth of being able to use various types of English Language, and started appreciating her mother’s potential. Their broken English symbolizes a language of intimacy between them, where they can speak anything grammatically wrong to covey something special. This newfound love and knowledge compelled her to write about her mother, â€Å"I wanted to capture what language ability tests can never reveal: her intent, her passion, her imager, the rhythms of her speech, and the nature of her thoughts†. Tan was so inspired by her mother’s heritage that she resolved that her mother should be the first reader and critic. She states at the end, â€Å"I knew I had succeeded where it counted when my mother finished reading my book and gave me her verdict: so easy to read†. All of us undergo similar experiences, carrying hidden treasures wit hin us and sometimes being away or detached from our roots enables us to appreciate the true worth of those treasures. Tan's fundamental purpose in writing is to produce texts, which are comprehensible for a ‘common man’ like her mother. I was touched and captivated by the true to life context of Tan’s work. It is primarily directed at immigrant families and students who use English as a second language for studying and the like. However, for the authoress, her mother is the most imperative target. She appears to have contemplated extensively on the power and role of language and expresses her perspective through this essay. She maintains that the importance of a language does not lie in its being broken or perfect. She emphasizes familial languages should be protected, preserved. English enabled her to gain knowledge, recognize the world around her; hence, she considered it her mother tongue. The tone of the authoress is sentimental as the essay revolves around her personal experiences. Thereby, several statements and reviews based on her past are illustrated as she writes in the start, â€Å"I cannot give you much more than personal opinions†. It appears that the authoress has an additional objective, to express gratitude.

Domestic Violence Outline Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Domestic Violence Outline Questions - Essay Example There is also a notion that men are aggressive and combative in nature hence likely to batter their wives. Generally, domestic violence is viewed as women problem hence the picture created is that of a battered woman physically assaulted thus ignoring emotional abuse. It is therefore imperative to ask why women are the most victims as shown by the figures and women advocates’ grievances. Culture is considered a great contributor to domestic violence. Most traditional societies advocated for wife beating as a sign of love and to gain respect (Jaffe, 2006). Culture also determines gender roles in society where a man is supposed to be a provider to the family and the place of a woman is in the kitchen. Women are supposed to be submissive to their husbands and not to question his decisions. Women in some societies do not own property and neither engage in paid jobs hence rely on the husband for survival. Even if engaged in employment they are lowly paid as they take up simple tasks due to their feminism. They are thus prone to abuse by their spouses for example by refusal of financial needs and emotional and physical abuse. Some men who depend on wives for survival are also prone to violence. Boys and girls are socialized into different roles as they grow up and this affects their future. Those who grow up in an abusive family are likely to end up being violent adults (Davis, 1998). On the other hand, not all children exhibit or take up the behavior as adults. Some learn its consequences and would not like to end up as their parents. Some develop fear which makes them prone to abuse. Nowadays people are educated and no longer practice those traditions of wife beating but gender equity has not been achieved and will take long to achieve (Davis, 1998). Feminists should therefore establish new ways of curbing domestic violence. All this debate about

Theory for Film Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory for Film Practice - Essay Example Also, with the development in camera techniques and computer graphics, film and film production are not merely restricted to artforms any more; science has an increasing role in modern film making. Therefore, this institutes a new angle to the old debate: how exactly do we define film and cinema? This paper purports to present some arguments in the favor of film being both an art and a science, and tries to justify this stance through a detailed discussion and explanation. Film as an Art: film, and film production, were not always considered a form of art by the experts, and the medium of cinema was frowned upon by the traditional and more conservative critics (Prinz). For the masses, however, the case may have been different; film was entertaining, and artform or not, it was successful. Cinematography and clever camera work had given rise to the concept of motion pictures, or moving film (Deren). This meant that the audience could now enjoy the spectacle in real time, and could feel part of it. Film was revolutionizing in that it was entirely different from still pictures; whereas the latter afforded only two-dimensional entertainment and left much to the imagination, the former provided a more real, if only fictional, and more importantly, three-dimensional form of entertainment to the public which involved them and moved them and made them feel part of a larger-than-life world where they could forget about the real and engross in the world of reel (Metz). This acceptance by the public was generally referred to as mass media or art for the masses, and indeed, Noel Carrel, in his book Mass Art, did try to justify film as an artform based on this very public acceptance and demand (Prinz). The critics, however, differ from each other in their views of this medium. To begin with, let us observe if film can at all be qualified as art. Film has become increasingly more than just the visual recording of events and performances on reel (Prinz). Initially, some expert s were of the opinion that since it is a recording, the actual performance and not the medium of film is a piece of art. It was not until the concept of cinematography and set designing, with proper direction and production process were developed that it became clear that film is much more than a mere recording (Prinz). The advent of the advancements of editing especially led to this realization, as editing changes the entire perspective that is possible by simple recording (Prinz). So in Europe, and especially in Italy, film began to be called the seventh art (The Seventh Art). The verdict, therefore, would be that film is art. However, this statement is oversimplified and too generalized to be accepted, for it leads to the question of whether all genres and productions of film are art or is this designation reserved for selected works (Prinz). To tackle this matter from the layman’s point of view and from common sense, some films cannot be denied this status, such as Un Chi en Andalou, L’Avventura, Raw Deal, The Searchers, and Tokyo Drifter (Prinz). These films, although made for the masses and not just the selected few from the bourgeois community, retain the beauty and detail of a fine piece of art, and deal with the camera work and direction as artforms in their separate rights, so that the medium of fi

The Approximate Size of My Favorite Tumor Essay

The Approximate Size of My Favorite Tumor - Essay Example In â€Å"The Approximate Size of My Favorite Tumor,† Sherman Alexie portrays a character immersed in humor so to say, from the cradle to the grave and from the womb to the tomb! Jimmy Many Horses is an individual who owns problems galore to make his life miserable and humorous. His never-ending concerns are relationships, alcoholism, modern society versus traditional values and above all doomed lives. He regales the readers with his version of the history of his relationship with his wife, Norma. In the trials and tribulations of life, even when one is afflicted with the life-threatening disease like cancer, humor is the potential energy giver that lightens the burden of the painful and stressful hours and days of the patient, and those around him. My chosen aspect in this story is humor, humor, and more humor! That runs through each and every turn of the story. Detailed analysis and evidence has been provided in the ensuing paragraphs and at this stage, I need to make a speci al mention of the encounter of the couple with a policeman patrolling the highway and Sherman Alexie describes, â€Å"We watched him walk back to his cruiser, climb in, and drive off, breaking four or five laws as he flipped a U-turn, left 166 rubber, crossed the center line, broke the speed limit, and ran through a stop sign without lights and siren.† (5) Amazing observation! Jimmy struggles to come to terms with his alcohol addiction and terminal cancer that will carry him to the grave undoubtedly. Yet he is jovial and is unconcerned about his health concerns. He asserts with confidence, â€Å"Listen . . . if I stole 1,000 horses, I’d give you 501 of them.†(2) This man Jimmy is not an ordinary human being. He is willing to laugh in a near death situation and he goes on with his tantrums in all seriousness. Norma finds it difficult to put up with his willful laughter dispositions and leaves him temporarily to join the powwow circuit. Notwithstanding the abrupt separation, internally she intensely remembers the psychological bond with Jimmy and returns to him in his last days and by that time, she has ingrained something from his original asset of humor as she explains the significance of her return journey, in this meaningful composition, "Because someone needs to help you die the right way," she said. "And we both know that dying ain't something you ever have done before.† I had to agree with that." And maybe," she said, "because making fry bread and helping people die are the last two things Indians are good at." "Well," I said. "At least you're good at one of them." And we laughed. (6) Humor is contagious and Jimmy must have enjoyed the sparks of wit now seen in his wife. During the X-ray examination the tumor is identified and on Jimmy’s getting that information, he puts his stamp of humor and he offers its description by stating that "Well, I told her the doctor showed me my X-rays and my favorite tumor was just about th e size of a baseball, shaped like one, too. Even had stitch marks."(1) But at the end of the story, Norma has come to terms with his sense of humor and their domestic dialogues attain a new dimension. In the middle of the story, Jimmy’s metaphorical remark steals the thunder and he candidly says, â€Å"Still, you have to realize that laughter saved Norma and me from pain, too. Humor was an antiseptic that cleaned the deepest of personal wounds (4).  Ã‚  

Main dynamics driving the development of the modern state Coursework

Main dynamics driving the development of the modern state - Coursework Example In the current context of globalisation, the concept of State autonomy has been subjected to scrutiny, as regards financial and commercial activities (Cudworth, Hall and McGovern, 2008). Owing to these issues, scholars have started analysing the dynamics behind development and origins of the modern state, in order to comprehend the underlying processes and its future shape. This essay review the various dynamics that played a major role during development of the modern state, including the institutionalist, economic and security approaches, and connects these varied approaches to developing an understanding on the concept of modern statehood. Recent studies have emphasised the necessity of analysing the origin and subsequent development of a modern state, primarily owing to the hypothesis that a contemporary State has reached its peak and hence would start declining henceforth. Increasing powers of multinational organisations like World Trade Organization and supranational bodies suc h as European Union indicate an end to the nations-state’s authoritative power (Pierson, 2012). From this viewpoint, state sovereignty is shifting to supranational and multilateral levels of authority (Rosenau and Czempiel, 1992). At the same time, there are reports of states breaking apart into small and fragmented entities. A number of states that appeared as logical territorial bodies, have rapidly fallen apart and the centrifugal forces have not remained restricted only to developing nations, where there might be suppositions that ethnic unrest would arise naturally within the arti?cially imposed borders created by their former colonial rulers and post-independence weak economic conditions. However, developed socialist and capitalist states have also fallen prey to the centrifugal forces and broken apart, such as Soviet Union and Canada (where Quebecois lost a mandate or else territorial integrity of the country would have faced a serious challenges). In the post-Cold War era, there seem to be an uneasy co-existence of centrifugal forces and collective dynamics, and it is essential to examine the methods of historical transitions that help one to draw insights into the modern state and its current form. Development of modern state through warfare: an important dynamics that played a major role in development of modern state is the impact of warfare on the capacity of a state. During the fourteenth century, military technology started changing remarkably, where heavy and mounted cavalry (archetype of feudal warfare) were slowly removed, which led to the decline in the superiority of the mounted knight (Contamine, 1984). The widening scope of war also led to the formation of standing armies and various mercenary contingents, which forced the rulers to raise greater taxes for funding such armies. This transformation greatly helped royal administration to expand while causing a sharp rise in taxes levied on the common people (Ames and Rapp, 1977). The F rench Revolution brought in further changes where the government, instead of depending on large mercenary forces, looked at mobilising an entire national population to rise and revolt against ruling authority. Soon, other states such as, Britain, Russia, Austria and Prussia, after observing transformations in France, changed their army framework and the Ratchet effects swept all over Europe. The scholars that stress on warfare transformation as a major reason for emergence of modern state primarily focus on the dynamics at macro levels that put pressure at systemic levels (Webber and Wildavsky 1986). Recently, scholars have also analysed this cause at a micro-level, where it was derived that military contexts brought forth

Module 5 Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 5 Reflections - Essay Example The quiz was one of the most challenging compared to the ones done in the previous. This is ironical because, the module featured most of the concepts that had been approached in the previous modules. Therefore, even before engaging in the study I had assumed that I knew the concepts well. This assumption proved to be the challenge to the realization of a good mark in the test. One thing that I learnt through this is to be careful to internalize concepts while keeping track on revising so that I do not forget what has been previously learnt. Despite the quiz being challenging, I did not expect to miss a whole nine questions. The question that I would like the instructor to give further insight is on the distinction between triangulation and explanatory methods. The major area that proved challenging was n elucidating and comprehending the experimental designs. Of particular concern was the mixed methods design. I remember vividly, the lecturer talk about the rationale for mixing as well as the importance of research questions in the study. For the later, I understood how to frame it as well as its significance in a research. The research question provides is the puzzle that is unmasked after the research is concluded. Drawing a thick line between triangulation, exploratory and explanatory mixed designs was a major challenge especially in the quiz where I missed two of the questions that were meant to establish an understanding of these three designs. Though I have been able to understand the bit of what these mixed methods are about distinguishing them is an uphill task. On the other hand, I would like to raise the question on what is the need for mixing the designs. However, going through the text I found powerful insight on why qualitati ve data should be mixed with quantitative data. The most striking thing that clearly caught my attention and proved to be a simplistic concept in the

Health Care Communication Paper Essay Example for Free

Health Care Communication Paper Essay Our facility is going to be changing a lot in the weeks and months to come. As the administration of the nursing home, I am going to make sure that this transition happens as smoothly as possible. The patients that have decided to stay must try their hardest to adhere to the new policies that have been set. The patients that have decided to go somewhere else will very greatly missed. The patients who cannot communicate their decision for one reason or another will be placed where the staff and I see fit, whether it be in our facility or somewhere else. This facility wants to ensure all patients and residents that we want to make these changes as painless as possible. Thank all of you for the time you have given the staff and me these last ten years, and for the time you will give in the future. There are three different types of communication in the medical field: traditional communication, electronic communication, communication through social media. There are advantages and disadvantages to each different type of communication. Traditional communication includes speaking face to face and mail (letters). Electronic modes of communication are email phone (home or cell phone), texting, and chatting. Social media involves communicating with several people or just one person at a time using public forums or private messaging through such websites facebook and twitter. Each and every type of communication is equally as important as the other but they all have their own advantages and disadvantages. Traditional forms of communication as simple as can be but they can confuse anyone if every step is not done correctly. You would think that speaking to someone face to face would be the best way to communicate but this is not always the case. Anyone can miscommunicate what they are trying to say. There can be other barriers like language barriers and also emotional barriers. If someone speaks a different language it can be hard to understand them unless there is an interpreter available, which isn’t always possible. Emotional barriers are hard because when health care is involved things can go wrong and people then become angry, sad, and/or tired. When this happens they may not want to listen to or respond to their doctors. Face to face communication is good too because you can ask questions then and there, and receive advice from your physician without having to wait too long. Mail can be very annoying because it can take days or weeks to reach its destination and more days or weeks to receive a response. The only good thing about mail would be that you will have documentation of your physician’s opinions and test results. Traditional communication methods have been around for a long time but times are changing and these types of communication are becoming few and far between. Electronic communication seems to be where most people end up communication, even to our doctors and other health care officials. We call, email, and even text to tell doctors and nurses our health care problems before we even consider actually going to a doctor’s office and speaking to the doctor in person. These communication techniques are good because we can receive answers to our questions also instantly if the health care official isn’t busy. One disadvantage is that someone may not get back to you as soon as you would like; which will leave you at home, wondering what you should do. Electronic communication isn’t exactly the best form of health care because if the doctor cannot actually see the patient and test their symptoms they cannot defiantly tell a patient what is wrong with them. Social media is becoming more and more popular every day because it is a way to keep in touch with people we don’t see every day. It has also become home for all kinds of new and old information, including health care information. This can be a great way to communicate about health care because people can learn new things about health care and medicine every day. People can also communicate with organizations full of doctors and nurses who can teach patients about any news in the health care world and advise patients on how to take care of themselves. This may sound great but there are terrible disadvantages to this type of health care communication. You never know who you are actually speaking to on the internet. What could appear to be an organization of doctors and nurses who want to offer free health care advice could be someone who knows absolutely nothing about medicine. Social media websites are not the best place to look for any sort of medical advice because patients want real help.

The Decline of Education in America

The Decline of Education in America The United States is the greatest country in the world is a clichà © asserted everywhere. One would reasonably expect the greatest country in the world to have the worlds most educated citizens-except just one thing: that simply is not true. Author Mark Bauerlein in his book The Dumbest Generation lays out a compelling argument backed with a dizzying number of statistics that America is on the decline educationally, threatening the future of our country. How can United States be the greatest country in the world when it is ranked 29th in math and science? Or when 53% of high school seniors scored below basic in historical knowledge on an NAEP history exam (Bauerlein 17)? Think of what will happen when those high school seniors meet the real world. They will be the voting block and pool to draw from to become our elected officials who make life and death decisions for our country, and what will happen then? Bauerlein blames these seemingly terrifying statistics on the digital age mil lennials were born in, and how students today no longer feel the need to retain as much knowledge when they can just flip out their iPhones and go look it up online when they need to. This is a symptom of the declining social and political potency Neil Postman talks about in his book Amusing Ourselves To Death, and that the value of knowledge on the decline. The generation of today does not care as much today about the Arts, Science, History, and Math; they are more interested in things like what Kim Kardashian is doing today, or when Beyonces new album is coming out. You can ask almost any millennial who the Kardashians are and they will almost always give you the correct answer, however when you ask serious questions such as what powers the executive branch holds-many will draw a blank. This is because the millennial generation requires advanced stimuli due to our digital age. The human brain has plasticity in the sense that it will adapt to the environment it is placed in, and the millennial brain has molded to the instantaneous access of knowledge from our computers, televisions, and phones; because of that millennials demand that same level of stimulation everywhere else in their lives. In Steven Johnsons book Everything Bad Is Good For You, he argues for what he calls the Sleeper Curve: that the digital age of popular culture and w ith it the internet, movies, tv, and video games are actually intellectually nutritional (9). The technological popular culture of today can be very beneficial, such as how videogames can improve problem solving, or how television dramas can improve critical thinking. That probably seems like it is in stark contrast to what was said previously, however the arguments of all three authors are not mutually exclusive. Bauerlein, Postman, and Johnson all ultimately represent extremes. They do however get a few things right; Bauerlein is correct in stating there is a growing overall knowledge deficit, Johnson is correct in saying popular culture has positive benefits, and Postman is right about our increasingly connected society diminishing the value of information. Reality is within a happy medium of all three. In short, the digital age is not necessarily bad for you; however, it is impossible deny the educational decline in our society. In Mark Bauerleins book The Dumbest Generation, one of his dominant pieces of evidence to show our decline in knowledge is how fewer people today read than ever before, and he is partially correct; according to Pew Research the percentage of Americans who read at least one book in the last year fell from 79% in 2011, to 71% in 2015. Not only that, 27% of the people polled had not read a single book in the last year (Raine). These statistics seem troubling, book reading is declining, however overall reading is not, rather it has increased. Reading does not necessarily have to come from a book, and this is what Bauerlein misses. Young adults in 2015 spent twenty seven hours and thirty six minutes a week online a week on average, triple the mere ten hours and twenty four minutes a week recorded in 2005 (Anderson). To be a proficient user of the internet you have to be reading constantly; the main reason reading of traditional books is declining is because books are being supplemented by other forms of reading. Mark Bauerlein is incorrect in stating reading as a whole is declining, however the fact people are steering away from books is in itself a serious concern. Even Steven Johnson, the author by far most supportive of digital media out of the three of them, says in his book Everything Bad is Good For You: The very fact that I am presenting this argument to you in the form of a book and not a television drama or video game should make it clear that I believe the printed word remains the most powerful vehicle for conveying complicated information (21) Johnson is one hundred percent correct; books are the best medium for conveying complex ideas, as well as strong detail and content. Not only that, the ease of access to books cannot be matched as of yet by any other form of media. For movies, television, video games, and the internet you need to buy all kinds of hardware and services which limits the potential recipients of those forms of media. With books, all you need to know how to is read; even money is not necessary to read, anyone can go to their local library and check out a book for free. Books are still ultimately the heart and soul of culture, without them the other forms of media would not be possible; somebody had to write a book on how to make movies, television, video games, and how to code for the internet. While books are still the best medium for passing on information to the next generation, other mediums are getting more advanced to the point where they can be true fulfilling compliments to books, rather than a re placement for books, such as video games. Video games are the newest medium to enter our digital age, and what started as a simple a few pixels on the screen bouncing around in virtuality like in the game Pong, has blossomed into a full fledged new form of media capable of endowing knowledge, and cognitive benefits such as improving problem solving, attention, memory. This is the narrative Johnson supports; Bauerlein and Postman would balk at that assessment, saying video games infringe upon a proper education or that the information in games has no real world use and is a pseudo context. However, a study done by RMIT University lends a great amount of support to Johnsons claims. The results of the study indicate that online gaming can sharpen math, science, and reading skills amongst teenagers. RMIT Associate Professor Alberto Posso investigated the study results, stating: Students who play online games almost every day score 15 points above the average in math and 17 points above the average in science When you play online games youre solving puzzles to move to the next level and that involves using some of the general knowledge and skills in math, reading and science that youve been taught during the day. (Science Daily) Going even a step further, he said Teachers should consider incorporating popular video games into teaching so long as theyre not violent ones. This is a rather stunning assessment which supports Johnsons Sleeper Curve argument that television, movies, and video games are in fact good for you after all (9). Video games can stimulate the mind in similar ways books do, and perhaps in some ways far more than books. Video games tend to have a non linear structure in the sense that you can go from point A to point B however you want, unlike books you are fully immersed in the experience not just mentally, but audibly and visually as well, and you must make choices that affect the outcome of the game. This is the key as to why video games have all of these positive benefits. Let us take a look at a strong example of a video game series that truly stimulates the mind: Metal Gear. The Metal Gear storyline is one of the most complicated in any game, rivaling many books, movies, and TV shows; the lore stretches from 1964 to 2014 taking place in a slightly alternate reality across nine canonical games, each of which take many hours to complete in addition to hours devoted to cutscenes explaining the story. One of the games, Guns of the Patriots, has a guinness world record breaking seventy hours of cutscenes and over 400,000 words in the script, more words than some books; to fully comprehend the depth of the story, the characters, the factions and all the relationships between them, the player has to think very critically and very deeply. The games deal with complex and serious themes such as race, revenge, language, nuclear proliferation, genealogy, global politics, etc. to name a few and the games pull off those themes in meaningful ways. Not only is the s toryline mentally stimulating, so is the gameplay. In the newest iteration, The Phantom Pain, players are placed in an open world sandbox and are tasked with missions to complete, ranging to everything from collecting intelligence on the enemy, to rescuing prisoners of war. The open world nature and the plethora of weapons and tools gives the player freedom to conquer any objective as they see fit. Should the mission occur during the day or at night? Is going in silent with suppressed weapons and choosing a path of least resistance best, or is going in and out as fast as possible guns blazing preferable? These are all questions posed to the player. To achieve desirable outcomes the player must exercise his or her brain and think critically to employ an effective strategy. As Steven Johnson says in his book, this critical thinking exercises the brain similar to how algebra does and translates to reality in the form of improved planning skills, problem solving, attention, logic, and m ore (40). It is clear that video games do offer meaningful benefits, though video games are not always totally beneficial in nature. To give an example, a hot topic of debate that has gone on for many years is whether or not violent video games contribute to violence, aggressive behavior, and desensitization to violence in the real world. The American Psychological Association came out with a report in 2015, stating: The research demonstrates a consistent relation between violent video game use and increases in aggressive behavior, aggressive cognitions and aggressive affect, and decreases in prosocial behavior, empathy and sensitivity to aggression (Calvert) In all fairness, the report does not link video games to criminal behavior, and does not include outside factors such as pre-existing psychological conditions and the environment the person playing the game lives in, all of which may have been influential to the outcome of the report However, it establishes a link between violent video games and aggressive behavior, though indirect at best. Another important factor not included in the study is the age of the player. Children are very easily influenced; a child growing up is learning important skills like how to determine right from wrong, empathy, and moral values. It is fairly easy to see how incredibly violent games like Grand Theft Auto where a player can go carjacking and run over as many pedestrians as possible in a crowded city on a whim can have a negative effect on a child growing up. To reduce this effect, young children should not play video games, and video game developers should be careful in how they utilize violence. Th at being said, violence can have a positive impact on a storyline if there is a good reason for it to be there, such as to make the death of an allied character more impactful; unlike games such as Grand Theft Auto and Mortal Kombat which have violence for the sake of violence with no real purpose to it other than for pure shock value. The deciding factor as to how video games will benefit society depends on how they are utilized, the medium in itself is not foredoomed. One of the mediums that preceded video gaming was television, and it provides many of the same benefits video games do such as improved planning skills, problem solving, attention, logic etc.. Television engages the viewer to think with its programming with everything from documentaries, to dramas. In talking about the television drama 24, Steven Johnson argues in his book you have to focus to follow the plot, and in focusing you are exercising the part of the brain that maps social networks (115). Again, this is much like algebra in a sense; most people will never need to know things like the quadratic formula in their lifetime, however those things are still required material in high school because they are a mental exercise, improving reasoning skills, problem solving, and more. It isnt so much about the content of these shows as it is about the cognitive exercises involved in watching them. Mark Bauerlein does not acknowledge these benefits, arguing essentially that television is merely a distraction from real educational subject matter. Neil Postman has a similar view, stating in his book Amusing Ourselves to Death: televisions way of knowing is uncompromisingly hostile to typographys way of knowing; that televisions conversations promote incoherence and triviality; that the phrase serious television is a contradiction in terms; and that television speaks with only one persistent voice-the voice of entertainment. (80) Perhaps this is a correct assessment regarding some televised media like reality shows and cable news, though the blanket assessment that all television is incoherent and trivial is wrong. Sure it is true one of televisions goals is to entertain, however so are literary works of fiction that have been around for millennia. What makes novels sold for profit not incoherent and trivial? For the most part, excluding programming like news and sports, television is just literature put on the screen. Think of how many shows and movies you could rewrite as a book; in fact, many of the greatest works of television originated from books. For example, the 1962 novel The Man in The High Castle by Philip K. Dick was adapted as a television drama by Amazons streaming service in 2015, and it is far from being incoherent or trivial. The show takes place in alternate reality 1962, where the Germans and Japanese win World War Two and conquer the United States, with the victorious axis powers splitting up the country between the Greater Nazi Reich and the Japanese Pacific States. The show goes to great lengths to display the brutality of the Germans and Japanese people have come to expect with no political or personal freedoms, torture, summary executions, persecution of minorities, etc. brilliantly showing the struggle for everyday Americans to survive. It punches the viewer right in the gut reminding people of what could have been, and the harrowing path fascism leads us by drawing out our emotions. Sure all of it is done for entertainment, however the messages are nutritional, positive, and even educational. The underlying message is coherent and never trivial: be grateful for the world we live in, even with all its problems. Television can be an incredible tool to provide people with knowledge, though it can just as easily be a poor influence. The entertaining tint of television can have negative effects depending on the content, Neil Postman was not entirely wrong in his assessments. Take for instance reality television with shows like Keeping Up with The Kardashians, these shows are marketed as being reality unlike shows such as 24 which any viewer knows is entirely fictional.An article from Scholastic Scope had this to say about some of the false stereotypes propagated by reality television: And then there are the stereotypes. Are all girls obsessed with clothes and spray tans? Are all boys obsessed with getting toned abs? Thats what many of the most popular shows would have you think. Plus, some experts say these shows send a dangerous message: that being stupid and selfish is fun. It can make you rich and famous! (Scholastic Scope) This is the reality of reality television. Now what happens when your average teenage girl sees the plastic surgery laden figures of the Kardashian sisters? They can get the false ideas on how the female body is normally supposed to look, contributing to things like eating disorders and other psychological issues: the very same issue modeling magazines have struggled with for years. This is just one of many examples of how television can be dangerous and send the wrong messages when used improperly, especially to our youth. So if technology is ultimately not the cause of our downhill spiral in knowledge, what is? The answer is our millennial generation is so seemingly dumb because they feel they can afford to be dumb. Neil Postman, Mark Bauerlein, and Steven Johnson all miss the larger historical context; they focus too heavily on immediate societal trends. Our decline in knowledge and education is merely a small part of a generational cycle of societal moods in what is called The Strauss-Howe Generational Theory; a theory of generational phases called turnings in American history outlined in the book The Fourth Turning by William Strauss and Neil Howe. According to the authors, there are four turnings each lasting an average of twenty years; the high, the awakening, the unraveling, and finally the crisis, after which the cycle is reset and an enlightened high generation is born. To see how this ties into our educational decline, let us go back in American history to The Great Depression and World War T wo. Due to a series of poor political decisions building on themselves and outright ignorance to the issues of the world, The Great Depression and World War Two came to be; life was tough with people crowding soup kitchens, shortly followed by men going off to Europe and the South Pacific to fight and die- a crisis. The generation who lived through those hardships vowed never again, and valued knowledge and culture as a means of never repeating the mistakes of the past- a high . Next, the baby boomers were born, and they were raised having not experiencing just how terrible life can be like their parents did; this ended up becoming an era of peace and enlightenment. We know this generation best for the hippie movement, John Lennon, Woodstock, the civil rights movement, etc.- an awakening; a time of spiritual exploration and rebellion against the now-established order (Hines). These baby boomers had children, whom we now call generation x. An unraveling began, with an increasingly tr oubled era in which individualism triumphs over crumbling institutions (Hines). The very foundations of our culture were questioned with ignorance and political extremism on the rise. Today with the millennial generation, Strauss and Howe claim we are now entering the fourth turning- the crisis, a time of turmoil and uncertainty. We saw a glimpse of this play out most recently in the 2016 presidential elections, one of the most hotly contested elections in American history; both sides of the political aisle spewed ignorance, and extremism with the result dividing our nation further apart to an almost unprecedented level. In short, hard times create strong people, strong people create good times, good times create weak people, and weak people create hard times; and perhaps Bauerlein would agree that the millennial generation is weak. The strength and educational ethic of every society in the world is directly tied to the hardships that society has had to endure, and the lessons learn ed from them. There may be no better example of this than with the Jewish People; a people that have quite possibly endured more hardship than any other culture over the course of thousands of years. Today less than .02% of the global population is Jewish, yet 22% of Nobel Prize winners are Jewish (Schuster), and the tiny country of Israel puts out more engineers and scientists per capita than any other country in the world (Florida). As a Jewish person myself, I was taught from a young age that education and respect for the past is ingrained in our culture because if it werent, the consequences could be catastrophic. History shows us that education is essential for the continuity of any society. Perhaps Strauss and Howes ideas are somewhat simplistic; however they do show an unmistakable pattern in history, and how these cultural and educational declines form. Bauerlein was correct when he said in his book If you ignore the traditions that ground and ennoble our society, you are an incomplete person and a negligent citizen(233). Respect for history and culture is an integral part of any healthy society, and we are ignoring the past and the cultural traditions that grounded our United States. As the hardships of history seem more and more distant, we end up feeling entitled, and with that sense of entitlement the drive to do better and learn more decreases. Ultimately our digital age is not the cause of our decline in knowledge, as the cycle will manifest itself in any way it sees fit. That is not to say our downward spiral in knowledge is uncorrectable; Neil Howe when asked of the implications of the turnings on education, offered his solution as to how education should chan ge for the millennial generation: The answer lies in getting away from at-risk and damage control in education, and moving to a new model based on confidence and teamwork and mastery of the future. Thats what young Millennials want. Thats where we all should want to go. (Howe) Perhaps this is the basis for our happy medium between Bauerlein, Postman, and Johnson. An educational system tailored for the specific needs of the millennial generation, in which basic academics such as the arts, math, science, and history are sustained and taught while keeping in mind the technologies of today so we can be the masters of our future. One thing however, is clear: if we do nothing, our societal knowledge deficit will only increase, and therefore our hopes and dreams for a prosperous future will decrease. Works Cited Anderson, Elizabeth. Teenagers Spend 27 Hours a Week Online: How Internet Use Has Ballooned in the Last Decade. The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, 11 May 2015, www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/digital-media/11597743/Teenagers-spend-27-hours-a-week-online-how-internet-use-has-ballooned-in-the-last-decade.html. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017. Bauerlein, Mark. The Dumbest Generation: How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes Our Future: or, Dont Trust Anyone under 30. The Dumbest Generation: How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes Our Future: or, Dont Trust Anyone under 30, Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin, New York, NY, 2009, pp. 17-233. Calvert, Sandra, et al. APA Review Confirms Link Between Playing Violent Video Games and Aggression. American Psycological Assosiation, 13 Aug. 2015, www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/08/violent-video-games.aspx. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017. DeSilver, Drew. U.S. Students Academic Achievement Still Lags That of Their Peers in Many Other Countries. Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 15 Feb. 2017, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/15/u-s-students-internationally-math-science/. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017. Florida, Richard. The Worlds Leading Nations for Innovation and Technology. CityLab, The Atlantic Monthly Group, 3 Oct. 2011, www.citylab.com/tech/2011/10/worlds-leading-nations-innovation-and-technology/224/. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017. Hines, Andy. Generational cycles predict a coming crisis. The Futurist, July-Aug. 1997, p. 14+. Academic OneFile, libproxy.pcc.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com.libproxy.pcc.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONEsw=wu=pccv=2.1it=rid=GALE%7CA19980267asid=38e088024faf67596109c7bf0061be90. Accessed 20 Mar. 2017. Best-selling generations author: Neil Howe to speak and release new book at ACTE Orlando Convention. Techniques, vol. 78, no. 6, 2003, p. 50+. Academic OneFile, libproxy.pcc.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com.libproxy.pcc.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONEsw=wu=pccv=2.1it=rid=GALE%7CA107896862asid=07a32adf7390680b62b43a336c026119. Accessed 20 Mar. 2017. Johnson, Steven. Everything Bad Is Good for You: How Popular Culture Is Making Us Smarter. Everything Bad Is Good for You: How Popular Culture Is Making Us Smarter, Riverhead Books, New York, 2005, pp. 9-115. Schuster, Ruth. Why Do Jews Win so Many Nobels? Haaretz.com, Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd., 9 Oct. 2013, www.haaretz.com/jewish/news/1.551520. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017. Postman, Neil. Chapter 5: The Peek-a-Boo World. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Showbusiness, Penguin Books, New York, 1985, p. 80. Rainie, Lee, and Andrew Perrin. Slightly Fewer Americans Are Reading Print Books, New Survey Finds. Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center , 19 Oct. 2015, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/10/19/slightly-fewer-americans-are-reading-print-books-new-survey-finds/#. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017. RMIT University. Online gaming can boost school scores: Video games sharpen math, science and reading skills among 15-year-olds, but social media reduces test results. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 8 August 2016. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160808115442.htm. Is Reality TV Making You Stupid?. Scholastic Scope, vol. 59, no. 3, 11 Oct. 2010, pp. 14-15. EBSCOhost, libproxy.pcc.edu/login?qurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.ebscohost.com%2flogin.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26db%3daph%26AN%3d54315625%26site%3dehost-live.

What is Success? :: Personal Reflection, definition, narrative

Success takes many different definitions. People have different interpretations of what success really means. For me is as simple as: living well and laughing often. The idea of living well is a very broad statement. Living well, in my opinion is getting success in personal, social and professional life. If I can achieve all of these three levels of success, I believe that I have lived well. Personal success for me is being able enjoy little things that life has to offer. For instance; understanding and appreciating diversity. To have someone to love and treasure, to meet the right person, fall in love, and get marry. To feel that I’m able to love my child and pass on wisdom to him .Feeling that someone loves me, is something that makes me completely happy and successful. Because I believe that without love, life is not thoroughly complete, thus never truly achieve success. I believe that, by being mentally and physically healthy, I have achieved personal success. When I get home to see my loving husband, my loved child, and then I’m able to sit down, relax and appreciate life, then I’m successful in my own right. Social success has a lot to do with the natural tendencies that I as human posses. For instance, I have identified good friends that I can count on as well as they can count on me. Meaning that I have good friend where I can rely on. I know that if a need help on anything, there will always be a helping hand. A part of societal success is also to learn how to treat people well, and I have been blessed to have such a great family that has showed me how to treat people since I was a little kid. I consider that I have reached professional success when I’m able to finish any goals that I have set in my mind. It doesn’t necessarily means that I need to have a masters or a doctored on my career. If my goal this year, is to graduate on April 2010, and I’m capable of doing it just the way I set it in my mind, then I have reached professional success, even if it is only my Associates in Art (AA).

Private Cable Tv :: essays research papers

Private Cable TV The times are achanging... How France, Germany and Sweden introduced private, cable and satellite TV - a comparison over the past 10 years. 1. INTRODUCTION Why we have chosen this subject? Before starting to write about TV in Sweden, Germany and France, we wanted to compare French,German and Swedish media. But on account of the wideness of this analysis, we decided to focus on the evolution of TV broadcasting during these last 10 years. The technical revolution which has appeared in this area since 1980 is necessary to be understood to be able to follow and forecast what will happen in the future when multinational companies can take a look on pan-european broadcasting. In this paper we try to make the point on this changes. Furthermore as we came from different countries and live now in an other one, we found it interesting to compare the three countries (France, Germany and Sweden) TV-broadcasting system. While we were searching for datas, we discovered the gap that exists in cable- covering between France and the two other countries. What are the main reasons of this delay? Are they political, financial or cultural? We will try to answer these questions in our paper. But we will first define the different technical terms that we are going to focus on. Then we will developp the birth of private channels, their regulations, laws and financing in the different countries. 2. BASICS In our paper you will find the following technical terms:  ¥ terrestrial broadcasting: this is the basic technology used to broadcast radio and TV. It «s the use of radio-frequencies that can be received by a simple antenna. The problem by using terrestrial broadcasting is, that you only have a few (up to max. 7) possible frequencies and that you need to have expensive transmitters every 100-150 kms to cover an area. Programms which are broadcasted terrestrical are e.g.: Swedish TV 1, 2 and 4; German ARD, ZDF, 3. Programme and some private channels in urban areas; French TF 1, France 2 and France 3.  ¥ cable TV: the reason why you have only a few frequencies by using terrestrial broadcasting is that terestrial broadcasting is influenced by physical phenomens (bandwith) whereas broadcasting in a cable is shielded/protected from outside influences. So you can have more channels on the same bandwith-space. For example: a cable might carry 7 programmes catched with an antenna from terrestrical transmitters and additional 25 satellite channels (maximum 30-35 different channels in one cable). Instead of connecting to an antenna cable- households connect their TV-sets to the cable-network.  ¥ satellite broadcasting: a satellite is a transmitter that is positioned on a course in space 40.

Gone with the wind analysis

The Great Depression was one of the most desperate times during U. S history. The unemployment rate increased from 3. 2% in 1929 to 24. 9% in 1932. The sudden crash of the market in 1929 increased the suicide rate from 12. 1 per 100,000 people to 18. 1 per 100,000 people. Especially during the asses, people seemed to want to find some mental comforts, so cinemas became the most popular place. Average weekly movie attendance increased from 57 million in 1927 to 80 million in 1931 (â€Å"Great Depression Statistics†).Gone with the Wind, the movie which stood as one of the most classic movie of all time, was produced during this period. Though the story Gone with the wind was set in the asses, the movie spoke directly to Americans in asses when it was released. The movie Gone with the Wind succeeded for three reasons: the strength Scarlet O'Hara had was needed for women during the Great Depression, the movie showed people the race relations between African Americans and white peo ple, and the movie provided hope for the people during the asses. This historic vie was greatly influenced by the asses.Following World War I and entering the Great Depression, women needed the strong characteristics of Scarlet O'Hara. During the Depression, men were losing their Jobs; therefore, women needed to work to support their family. Just as Eleanor Roosevelt said: â€Å"The women know that life must go on and that the needs of life must be met and it is their courage and determination which, time and again, have pulled us through worse crises than the present one† (Ware). During the mid-depression, the middle class family income was very low.Women has to be really economical; for example, â€Å"they had buy day-old bread or warm dishes in the oven to save gas† (Ware). Because of this kind of tough and unstable living, women had no choice; they had to forget their safe, comfortable housewives' lives, and become tools for supporting families (Ware). Gone with th e Wind is also about how Scarlet O'Hara loses everything and has no other way to survive but to become strong. The end of part one of the movie shows this, when she holds the soil and swears that she will be strong and never be hungry again.Another season for why people were attracted by this movie is the cursive love Journey Scarlet experienced. A lot of women who lived in the period of the Great Depression had lost their husbands during World War One; in the beginning of the movie, Scarlet is also waiting for Ashley Wilkes, whom she loves, to come back from the war. Every time she reads through the list of the dead, it is clear how worried she is. This feeling was what a lot of women during that time experienced, so they felt sympathy for Scarlet O'Hara.During the asses, white people's opinion toward African Americans was ambivalent. They still had the mindset from slavery times, when they could order the African Americans to do anything, and didn't want to accept the truth that b lack people were equal to them now. In Gone with the Wind, there is a scene in which Scarlet is almost raped by a black; her husband, Frank and Ashley act like ASK (UK Klux Klan) to murder that African American. In the movie, white people feel threatened by blacks.During the time of the Great Depression, Roosevelt â€Å"New Deal† created a program called the Work Progress Administration (WAP). This program helped solve the high employment rate. Under this program, there were some small parts like the Federal Writers' Project and Federal Art Project. These projects provided some talented African American artist Jobs, and some great African American artist emerged (â€Å"The Great Depression: African-American†) Art was an important part for the people who lived in the Depression, therefore, white people might view African Americans differently.However, at the same time, they felt threatened, too, because some African Americans were taking their Job opportunities. Also, t he movie created the feeling that black people needed white people's wisdom to survive, because â€Å"they often seemed more like pets than people† (Left 7). We can see this from how happy Big Sam is when he and Scarlet reunite; he thinks that he will be safe and will not be hungry again when he finds his former owner. Neither Big Sam nor a strong character like Mamma could take care of Tara without her white master during the war, either (Left.During the Depression, most African Americans lived in rural areas were still working in the farms of the white people. Even African Americans who lived in cities â€Å"worked as domestic servants for white folks† (â€Å"The Great Depression: African-American†). These connections seemed to indicate to white people during the Depression that African Americans were still dependent on them. Therefore, white people's attitude toward African Americans was ambivalent.Another important reason for the success of Gone with the Win d was that people who lived in the Depression wanted to recall the memory of the glory before the Civil War, they could see themselves in the movie, and they needed strength to move on. â€Å"Escapism† s the most discussed term when it comes to the Great Depression. â€Å"During the Depression, when the spirit of the people is lower than at any other time, it is a splendid thing that for Just 15 cents an American can go to a movie and look at the smiling face of a baby and forget his troubles† (Cravens 216).Movies and music were popular because people wanted to escape from the cruel reality, even Just for few hours. The beginning of Gone with the Wind was a perfect time for them to go back to the good old life when everything was more organized and peaceful. However, they old also see the decline of themselves in the movie, Just like Ashley, the old noble landowner. The War suddenly takes everything that Ashley had away. Because of this, Ashley becomes passive, and he loses all hope.The same thing happened to people during the Depression: â€Å"Their world having been turned upside down, they saw a parallel between their plight and the story of the disappearance of the antebellum south† (Will). However, at the same time, they also wanted strength, power and hope for the future, Just like Scarlet's attitude toward life. The most classic scene in the vie is when Reheat Butler leaves Scarlet, though in great sorrow, she said: â€Å"after all, tomorrow is another day' (Gone with the Wind) Thousands of Americans might be inspired by this sentence.Obviously, the experience of the Depression couldn't have been worse than what Scarlet had. In her life, the war forced her to change from a noble girl into a strong woman who needed to plant the food herself; she lost all her dignity as a business woman for trading with the Yankees; she married three times but all failed; she finally realized the man she loved for many years was a coward; ere husband left her Just as she realized that she actually loved him. All these miserable things happen to her, but she never loses hope.This strength was what people needed during the Depression. Although they wanted to escape from reality, there was no way but to face it. The spirit of Scarlet inspired them to be hopeful, to accept the life, and fight with it. Echoing Scarlet Aurora's words, â€Å"tomorrow is another day,† (Gone with the Wind) American citizens gained strength from Gone with the Wind. Clearly, this movie reflected the period of asses, including the race relations between white people and African Americans. The movie also provided people during the asses much needed hope.

A Study on Group Theory and Learning

It is apparent that the definition of a group has non been agreed on by most bookmans. As most people to a great extent emphasize on the common ends or the mutuality of its members, offering a subjective definition. In all this changing analysis, it is agreed that groups are made up of two or more persons. The definition of group offered by Brown ( 2000, p.3 ) â€Å" a group exits when two or more people define themselves as members of it and its being is recognized by at least one other † . Groups have existed and evolved with adult male and are seldom without issues. Groups all around the universe are confronted with similar issues, irrespective of its geographical location. Most of these issues may originate in the forming and ramping phases of group formation ( Bruce Wayne Tuckman, phases of group development ) , though some of these issues may besides harvest up in the latter phases of the group. There are many different theories of how people learn. Burns ( 1995, p99 ) conceives of larning as a comparatively lasting alteration in behavior with behavior including both discernible activity and internal procedures such as thought, attitudes and emotions. It is apparent that motive has been included in Burns ‘ definition of larning. Burns considers that larning might non attest itself in discernible behavior until sometime after the educational plan has taken topographic point. Harmonizing to Kolb ( 1995 ) , people learn in four ways with the likeliness of developing one manner of larning more than another. He said one can larn through: concrete experience observation and contemplation abstract conceptualization active experimentation The thought that people learn in different ways has been explored by many research workers. Honey and Mumford ( 1986 cited in McGill & A ; Beaty 1995 p.177 ) edifice on Kolb ‘s work, identified four larning manners: Activist ( enjoys the experience itself ) , Reflector ( spends a great trade of clip and attempt reflecting ) Theorist ( good at doing connexions and abstracting thoughts from experience ) Pragmatist ( enjoys the planning phase ) Motivation â€Å" Has to make with a set of independent variables relationship that explain the way, aptitude and continuity of an person ‘s behavior, keeping changeless the effects of aptitude, accomplishment and apprehension of the undertaking, and restraints runing in the environment. ( Campbell and Pritchard 1976 ) . It is believed that the demand and motivation of a individual is what pushes him /her to act in a certain manner. Therefore an person ‘s ends and aspirations in life can function as a determiner in the manner the individual behaves. However this ends and aspirations differ from one individual to the other. Harmonizing to Buchanan and Huczynski ( 2004 ) motive can be explored in three distinguishable positions viz. ends, determinations and influence. Goals serve as the chief motivation of our behavior. Therefore the ends and aspirations or what a individual wants to accomplish will do an person to act in a certain mode to accomplish that peculiar end. E.g. If a individual wants to go a medical physician in future that individuals behaviour and political orientations will all be geared towards the accomplishment of this peculiar end. Decisions the second on the perspective list negotiations about why we choose to prosecute certain ends. For case if we should take the MBA category as an illustration and inquire what motivates each pupil to analyze, it will involvement you to cognize that we will acquire many replies. For some pupils it is the expected wages that they will acquire after their class like publicity, pay rise etc. for other pupils it could be the position acknowledgment of acquiring alphabets at the terminal of their names, whiles others derive satisfaction from larning or wonder. This is what is being described as the â€Å" Cognitive determination – devising † procedures act uponing an person ‘s pick of ends. The 3rd on the perspective list is that of influence which talks about what and how to actuate an person to work harder here accent is laid on societal influence.WHAT MOTIVATED ME TO STUDY A MASTERS DEGREE AT BANGOR.Working for Vodafone, a telecommunication company, I had the chance to work with the operations director, a adult male who had attained his Masters in Business Administration. Under his supervising, he demonstrated a high degree of public presentation which was obviously seen in his structured attack to determination devising. He approached new challenges that confronted him in a strategic mode and executed undertakings efficaciously by achieving ends from company processs and procedures. I have since so been motivated by the worth of managerial cognition and accomplishments that where displayed by the operations director, animating me to offer a graduate student grade in Business Administration. In explicating my motive in the visible radiation of Vroom ‘s anticipation theory, with the underlying subject which states that motive depends on â€Å" how much we want something and how likely we think we are to acquire it † Griffin and Moorhe ( 2007, p.98 ) and which revolves around the three cardinal variables of valency ( the value of the expected wages ) , anticipation ( the believe that attempt will take to public presentation ) and instrumentality ( the believe that the public presentation will take to a coveted result ) . In detecting the operations director my first reaction was to derive such managerial accomplishments and I knew I had a sensible opportunity of accomplishing it. In using the three variables ( valency, instrumentality and anticipation ) I believed that my attempts to inscribe in a maestro ‘s grade will give to the attainment of Masterss in concern disposal and comprehending that there was a high chance that the Masterss in concern disposal will ensue in geting the managerial accomplishments. In malice of the utility in utilizing Vroom ‘s anticipation theory to explicate motive, harmonizing to Griffin and Moore ( 2007 ) it has been to a great extent criticized about its complexness and how hard it is to prove. Furthermore research workers find the relationship among its variables less scientific, doing it hard to look into. Another short approach of this theory is that it non applicable in topographic points where people think God causes the result of every single behavior. Example Muslim states. However, I think the theory has been really utile in explicating the construct of motive and besides giving directors really of import guidelines in understanding the employee and how he can be motivated. As it is justly said by Nicol Morgan ( Granfell Investment Management ) â€Å" motive is non about money, it was about making an environment in which people enjoyed working † .The motive to offer my Masterss in Bangor University out of a host of Universities both in The United land and The United States of America, Bangor offered an first-class repute as a Centre for concern surveies, by chalking success in the 2008 UK authorities ‘s Research Assessment Exercise, by puting foremost. It besides proved to be a universe category research Centre and a staff with strong international experience all packaged in an enabling environment for acquisition. In regard to Herzberg ‘s motivator-hygiene theory, Bangor University was able to fulfill my hygiene demands by offering basic installations such as a school library, stocked with up- to- day of the month academic resources, adjustment installations for international pupils and besides supplying a safe acquisition environment. The proviso of such installations did non actuate me, but instead prevented me from being dissatisfied, cognizing that such installations are available in most Universities. My motive to analyze at Bangor came approximately when the university met my higher degrees demands, by turn outing to be a universe category research Centre, been among the extremely graded concern schools in the UK and supplying a really international instruction staff, to assist derive cognition and experience all over the universe from a wider position. This is shown in the diagram below A ) HYGIENE FACTORS1. Library Facility2. ACCOMODATION FACILITIES3. SAFE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTBangorUniversity1. HIGHLY RANKED2. WORLD CLASS RESEARCH3. INTERNATIONAL STAFF B ) Incentive ( DZANIE 2010 ) Like any other theory, Herzberg two factor theory has besides suffered unfavorable judgments. Harmonizing to Mullins ( 2005 ) the theory is said to use least to persons with unskilled occupations which are humdrum in range. As they are those who mostly present direction with issues of motive. Nevertheless I believe the theory has been utile in understanding motive non merely in the work topographic point but besides to our day-to-day lives.MY Approach TO LEARNINGMy larning attack to surveies has chiefly been the memorisation of facts, without associating the cognition acquired to any experience. From my secondary school through to my undergraduate survey, I have ever been a surface scholar. Where the chief focal point was merely to follow what the course of study demanded. This learning manner was rather effectual because in my educational life accent was laid much more on closed ended scrutiny than giving out regular assignments. However, in a different acquisition environment and more particularly in my Masters degree taking a deep acquisition attack will be good. Though hard, holding been a surface scholar, seting down my old theoretical account of larning to a deep scholar will intend an active engagement in the class work, obtaining a practical apprehension of theories and constructs and holding a critical head set in work outing jobs. All these properties of a deep scholar will develop and fit me with the necessary accomplishments to associate my acquired cognition in MBA to the of all time increasing challenges in the corporate universe. Second, my pick of being a deep scholar is farther strengthened by the undermentioned factors ; a ) The teacher pupil relationship: The larning relationship between talks and their pupils have a dominating influence on how pupils approach larning. For illustration in a acquisition establishment where instructors do non put much accent on assignments and instead stress more on closed ended appraisals, pupils are likely to a adopt a surface attack to larning. A survey conducted by Kember as cited in Tight et Al, ( 2009 ) on how Asiatic pupils learn, showed that the pupils approach to larning was consistent with the appraising demands of pupils by their instructors. In my experience of larning at the undergraduate surveies, lectors require pupils to memorise talk notes and to regurgitate the words of the lector in their concluding tests, obliging most pupils to prosecute in surface acquisition. This attack to larning in the local idiom is termed â€Å" chaw, pour, base on balls and forget † . Deciding to take a deep attack to acquisition was influenced by the instructor pupil relationship in Bangor University.Lectureres in the University require pupils to prosecute in a deep degree of acquisition, associating theory to existent life experiences, measuring and analysing theories and constructs to do intending out of it, as against merely the memorisation and reproduction of talk notes. B ) The work burden of classs Prosecuting in a deep acquisition attack is influenced by my cognition of work involved in each class. In their analysis Entwistle & A ; Ramsden ( 1983 ) as cited in Tight et Al, ( 2009 ) established that pupils are likely to prosecute in surface, strategic or deep acquisition, depending on the grade of work burden that is accompanied with the class. A surface larning attack is adopted when pupils perceive a high grade of work burden in their classs, as there is no clip to prosecute in deep acquisition. A relevant illustration will be the decrease of the concern faculties from 12 to eight. Students might hold been forced to prosecute in surface or strategic acquisition because of the of all time increasing work load from their classs, go forthing them with small or no clip to prosecute in deep acquisition. A restructure of the class this academic twelvemonth have reduced the work load well, and this will give me the clip and chance to prosecute in deep acquisition. degree Celsius ) The learning establishment Furthermore my attack is progressively shaped by the learning establishment. I.e. Bangor University. As it is justly said by californium Barnett ( 1990 cited in Tight et Al, 2009, p.12 ) â€Å" The features of deep attack to larn can be seen to reflect what are by and large held to be purposes of higher instruction † . During the initiation subdivision held by the University of Bangor, pupils were briefed by senior lectors about what is expected of them by the University. Students were advised and encouraged to prosecute in critical thought, avoid doing premises and analyze an statement, looking for failing in the arguement.Also pupils where asked non to reproduce talk notes or regurgitate what the talk has said, a feature of surface acquisition, but instead pulling from other beginnings like relevant text books and academic diaries and most significantly abstaining from illicitly copying some 1s work as yours, an act of plagiarism. The University has hence put in topographic point constructions to promote deep attack to acquisition by supplying the necessary academic resources such as the library, entree to internet and diaries to enable pupils to prosecute in serious academic work by being deep scholars and non surface scholar. In a nutshell, my determination to a deep acquisition attack can be illustrated in Ramsden ( 2003 ) Student larning in context diagram. My orientation to larning My old educational experience as a surface scholar. The context of larning in the new environment 1. Opened ended appraisal. 2. Synergistic lectors. The acquisition result is: long term memory and holistic apprehension of the class 2. My determination to follow a Deep Approach to Learning My perceptual experience of the work burden, what is required of me as a pupil from the Lecturers and Bangor University ( DZANIE 2010 )ISSUES ANTICIPATED IN THE GROUP WORK AND SOLUTIONSOne peculiar issue I anticipate in the group work is the difference in the acquisition manners among group members. Forming a group with a high grade of single diverseness, will certainly amount to a different attack to acquisition and acquisition manners, which is normally influenced by civilization background and the larning environment they came from. Group members may be absorbing, suiting, diverging or meeting scholars and may be given to lend their attempt more expeditiously if acquisition is directed to their advantage. This was made apparent when I engaged in an experiment carried out by Professor Sally Sambrook ; in an attempt to place the acquisition manners of her pupils utilizing Kolb ‘s learning manner. I noticed that my learning manner was different in comparism to those of my friends as everyone ‘s learning manner differed from the other. However, in turn toing the issue of difference in larning manners. Group members should be assigned to undertakings in relation to 1s larning style/capabilities in order to acquire the best out of the person. Unifying a given undertaking with a individual larning manner penchant will give a positive consequence and hence increasing group efficiency. For illustration members who are diverges are better in making new thoughts and assemblage of information. Delegating a undertaking related to research will be best tailored to their learning manner, thereby giving their upper limit end product to the group. Second, group members are bound to prosecute in societal idleness. Social idleness occurs when a group member pretends to lend to the activities or attempt of the group. And this is normally seeable at the executing phase of group formation, where the undertaking and the aims of the group are good defined. An experiment conducted by Max Ringelmann ( 1913 ) as cited in Brown ( 2000 ) on societal idleness, asked a group of agribusiness pupils to draw a rope connected to a ergometer to enter the force exerted by the group. He thought that the bigger the size of the group the greater the force it exerted, he subsequently discovered that the force did n't increase proportionally with the size of the group. In consequence there were others in the group who put small attempt or none at all when drawing the rope. This behavior I anticipate in the group work, an attitude that is damaging to the effectivity of the group. However issues of societal idleness are best addressed by increasing the identifiability of group members. It is improbable to happen members prosecuting in societal idleness when they know they are been ascertained and evaluated separately, a instance of the Hawthorne consequence, when people tend to act otherwise when they know they are been observed. This will increase engagement of single members every bit good as the productiveness of the group. Pulling from my personal experiences with groups, I have noticed that comparatively big groups are normally the genteelness land for societal buming.Keeping a ample group in relation to the undertaking at manus with a clear division of labor in the group can minimise societal idleness. Despite the legion challenges faced in group work, workings in groups have proved to be effectual non merely in accomplishing group ends but besides has the inclination to develop the person. Working in groups can instil into the single certain properties such as a sense of duty through the division of labor, where group members are assigned undertaking. For illustration after a long period of working in groups in my undergraduate survey I realised that I have improved upon my communicating accomplishments an property that is necessary in the corporate universe. In add-on, prosecuting in group work particularly in a higher acquisition establishment, can fit a individual with a critical mentality in the reading and rating of academic stuffs, a mark of rational development.DecisionTo reason, this essay has identified my motive as triggered by both the worth of managerial accomplishments displayed by the operations director, which was clearly elaborated in Expectancy Theory and the Academic excellence of Bangor University utilizing Herzberg ‘s incentive and hygiene theory. It has besides highlighted my attack as a deep scholar coming into a new acquisition environment, which is strengthened by the instructor pupil relationship, work load and the learning establishment.And eventually the issues I anticipate in the group to be difference in larning manner and societal idleness.REFRENCESBass, Bernard ( 1990 ) . From transactional to transformational leading: acquisition to portion the vision. Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 18, Issue 3, Winter , 1990, 19-31. Beardwell, J. & A ; , Claydon, T. ( 2007 ) Human Resource management.5th edition.Spain: Pearson Education Limited. Brown, R. ( 2000 ) Group Process.2nd edn.Reprint, England: Blackwell publication, 2004. Forsyth, D.R. ( 2009 ) Group Dynamics. 5th edn.Google books [ Online ] .Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.books.google.co.uk ( Accessed: 29 October 2010 ) Griffin, R.W. and Moorhe, G. ( 2007 ) Administration and people.9th edn. [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.books.google.co.uk ( Accessed: 20 October 2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm ( Accessed: 20 October 2010 ) . Kouzes, J. M. & A ; Posner, B. Z. ( 1987 ) . The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass. McGill, I. & A ; Beaty, L. ( 1995 ) . Action Learning, 2nd edition: a usher for professional, direction and educational development Kogan Page, London. Mullins, L. J. ( 2005 ) Management and Organisational Behaviour.7th edn.Spain: Pearson instruction Limited Pogson, P. & A ; Tennant, M. ( 1995 ) . ‘Understanding Adults ‘ in Foley, G. erectile dysfunction. Understanding big instruction and preparation, St Leonards, Allen & A ; Unwin, pp.20-30 Ramsden, P. ( 2003 ) .Learning to learn in higher education.2nd edn.London: Routledge Tight, M. , Mok, K. H. , Huisman, J. , Morphew, C. C. ( 2009 ) The Routeledge International Handbook of Higher Eduaction..Google books [ Online ] .Available at: http//www.books.google.co.uk ( Accessed: 10 October 2010 )